COURAGE Built Environment Self-Reported Questionnaire

The COURAGE Built Environment Self-Reported Questionnaire is a self-reported measure of how individuals perceive the relationship between their health, functioning and built environment. The final questionnaire contains 19 items grouped into four dimensions: 1) usability of the neighborhood environment; 2) barriers within the walkable environment; 3) ease of using public buildings, facilities, and places; 4) safety and usability of the individual’s living place or home.

The instrument considers both home and neighbourhood conditions. It examines matters such as pedestrian accessibility, environmental obstacles, access to public facilities, accident risks, and the perceived usability of the residence. The tool can be used with adults with and without disabilities and is suitable for population-based research examining person-environment interaction.

Health status and risk factors Disability, Functional decline, Fall risk

Age group Adults

Assessor Individuals

Sections / items 19 items

Self-administered Yes

Multi-component Yes - meant for use alongside COURAGE in Europe Built Environment Instrument

Indicators Pedestrian accessibility; environmental obstacles; access to facilities; usability; home environment

Evidence Level 4 - Cohort Study

Authors Raggi, A., Quintas, R., Bucciarelli, P., Franco, M. G., Andreotti, A., Miret, M., et al. 

Organizations Collaborative Research on Ageing in Europe project, European Commission

Publication date 2014

Bibliography

Quintas, R., Koutsogeorgou, E., Raggi, A., Bucciarelli, P., Cerniauskaite, M., & Leonardi, M. (2012). The selection of items for the preliminary version of the COURAGE in Europe built environment instrument. Maturitas, 71(2), 147-153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2011.11.014 

Zawisza, K., Gajdzica, M., Raggi, A., & Tobiasz-Adamczyk, B. (2025). The impact of slow mobility and built environment characteristics on 12.5-year all-cause mortality among older women and men: A prospective cohort study from Poland. SSM – Population Health, 31, 101841. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101841