Health Inequity Resources

The Wellesley Institute Library of Research on Health Inequities is an online library of the existing peer-reviewed and grey literature on health inequities in Ontario which has been conducted since 2005.

The library contains research on potentially marginalized populations, which are identified according to:

Age
Racialization
Immigration status
Language spoken
Homelessness
Income and Socioeconomic status
Geography
Gender
Sexual and gender orientation

The library, which will expand, currently includes research on the following commonly-used health indicators:

Life expectancy
Self-reported health
Low birth weight
Infant mortality
Diabetes prevalence and mortality
Length of hospital stay
Hospitalizations for ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSCs – an indicator used to document the incidence of potentially preventable hospitalizations)

Publication Name	Category	Author	Date
Download The influence of low social support and living alone on premature mortality among aging CanadiansThe influence of low social support and living alone on premature mortality among aging Canadians	Age Life expectancy	Renwick, K.A., Sanmartin, C., Dasgupta, K., Berrang-Ford, L., & Ross, N.	2021
Download Sex differences in mortality: results from a population-based study of 12 longitudinal cohortsSex differences in mortality: results from a population-based study of 12 longitudinal cohorts	Gender Life expectancy	Wu, Y.T., Niubo, A.S., Daskalopoulou, C., Moreno-Agostino, D., Stefler, D., Bobak, M., Oram, S., Prince, M., & Prina, M.	2021
Download Social and economic influences on disparities in the health of racial and ethnic group Canadian immigrantsSocial and economic influences on disparities in the health of racial and ethnic group Canadian immigrants	Immigration Status Racialization Self-reported health	Krim K. Lacey, Anthony Q. Briggs, Jungwee Park & James S. Jackson	2021
Download Association between the regional variation in premature mortality and immigration in Ontario, CanadaAssociation between the regional variation in premature mortality and immigration in Ontario, Canada	Immigration Life expectancy	Rosella, L.C., Kornas, K., Watson, T., Buajitti, E., Bornbaum, C., Henry, D., & Brown, A.	2020
Download Neighbourhood-level marginalization and avoidable mortality in Ontario, Canada: a population-based studyNeighbourhood-level marginalization and avoidable mortality in Ontario, Canada: a population-based study	Geography Life expectancy	Zygmunt, A., Tanuseputro, P., James, P., Lima, I., Tuna, M. & Kendall, C.E.	2019
Download Social Disparities in the Risk of Potentially Avoidable Hospitalization for Diabetes Mellitus: an Analysis with Linked Census and Hospital DataSocial Disparities in the Risk of Potentially Avoidable Hospitalization for Diabetes Mellitus: an Analysis with Linked Census and Hospital Data	Diabetes Income and SES Racialization	Gupta, N. & Crouse, D.L.	2019
Download Is social assistance boosting the health of the poor? Results from Ontario and three countriesIs social assistance boosting the health of the poor? Results from Ontario and three countries	Income and SES Self-reported health	Sod-Erdene, O., Shahidi, F.V., Ramraj, C., Hildebrand, V., & Siddiqi, A.	2019
Download Beyond the grey tsunami: a cross-sectional population-based study of multimorbidity in OntarioBeyond the grey tsunami: a cross-sectional population-based study of multimorbidity in Ontario	Age Diabetes	Ryan, B.L., Jenkyn, K.B., Shariff, S.Z., Allen, B., Glazier, R.J., Zwarenstein, M., Fortin, M., & Stewart, M.	2018
Download Physical and mental health inequalities among aging lesbian, gay, and bisexual Canadians: cross-sectional results from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA)Physical and mental health inequalities among aging lesbian, gay, and bisexual Canadians: cross-sectional results from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA)	Age Gender Self-reported health	Stinchcombe, A., Wilson, K. Kortes-Miller, K., Chambers, L. & Weaver, B.	2018
Download Linguistic mortality gradients in Quebec and the role of migrant compositionLinguistic mortality gradients in Quebec and the role of migrant composition	Immigration Life expectancy	Lo, E., Tu, M. T., Trempe, N., & Auger, N.	2018
Download Measuring Up: A yearly report on how Ontario’s health system is performingMeasuring Up: A yearly report on how Ontario’s health system is performing	ACSC Geography Life expectancy Self-reported health	Health Quality Ontario	2015
Download The Unequal City 2015: Income and health inequities in TorontoThe Unequal City 2015: Income and health inequities in Toronto	Diabetes Gender Income and SES Life expectancy Low birth weight Self-reported health	Toronto Public Health	2015
Download Impact of language barriers on complications and mortality among immigrants with diabetes: A population-based cohort studyImpact of language barriers on complications and mortality among immigrants with diabetes: A population-based cohort study	Diabetes Immigration Status Language	Okrainec, K., Booth, G., Hollands, S., and Bell, C.	2015
Download Facts on Self-Rated General Health in Durham RegionFacts on Self-Rated General Health in Durham Region	Income and SES Self-reported health	Durham Region Health Department	2015
Download 900,000 Days in Hospital: The Annual Impact of Smoking, Alcohol, Diet and Physical Activity on Hospital Use in Ontario900,000 Days in Hospital: The Annual Impact of Smoking, Alcohol, Diet and Physical Activity on Hospital Use in Ontario	Income and SES Length of Hospital Stay	Manuel, D.G., Perez, R., Bennett, C. et al.	2014
Download Subjective Health-Related Quality of Life in Homeless and Vulnerably Housed Individuals and Its Relationship with Self-Reported Physical and Mental Health StatusSubjective Health-Related Quality of Life in Homeless and Vulnerably Housed Individuals and Its Relationship with Self-Reported Physical and Mental Health Status	Homelessness Self-reported health	Gadermann, A., Hubley, A., Russell, L., and Palepu, A.	2014
Download Financial strain, social capital, and perceived health during economic recession: A longitudinal survey in rural CanadaFinancial strain, social capital, and perceived health during economic recession: A longitudinal survey in rural Canada	Income and SES Self-reported health	Frank, C., Davis, C., and Elgar, F	2014
Download Obstetric risks and outcomes of refugee women at a single centre in TorontoObstetric risks and outcomes of refugee women at a single centre in Toronto	Immigration Status Immigration Status (Refugees) Low birth weight	Kandasamy, T., Cherniak, R., Shah, R., et al.	2014
Download Use of acute care hospital services by immigrant seniors in Ontario: A linkage studyUse of acute care hospital services by immigrant seniors in Ontario: A linkage study	Immigration Status Length of Hospital Stay	Ng, E., Sanmartin, C., Tu, J., & Manuel, D.	2014
Download Predicting length of stay and readmission for psychiatric inpatient youth admitted to adult mental health beds in Ontario, CanadaPredicting length of stay and readmission for psychiatric inpatient youth admitted to adult mental health beds in Ontario, Canada	Age Gender Length of Hospital Stay	Stewart, S.L., Kam, C., & Baiden, P.	2014
Download Key Performance Measures for the Ontario Diabetes Strategy Final ReportKey Performance Measures for the Ontario Diabetes Strategy Final Report	Diabetes Geography	Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-term Care	2013
Download The impact of income on the incidence of diabetes: A population-based studyThe impact of income on the incidence of diabetes: A population-based study	Diabetes Income and SES	Lysy, Z., Booth, G., Shah, B., et al.	2013
Download Delivery of primary health care to persons who are socio-economically disadvantaged: Does the organizational delivery model matter?Delivery of primary health care to persons who are socio-economically disadvantaged: Does the organizational delivery model matter?	Income and SES Self-reported health	Dahrogue, S., Hogg, W., Ward, N. et al.	2013
Download Cardiovascular Risk Factor Profiles of Recent Immigrants vs Long-term Residents of Ontario: A Multi-ethnic StudyCardiovascular Risk Factor Profiles of Recent Immigrants vs Long-term Residents of Ontario: A Multi-ethnic Study	Diabetes Immigration Status Racialization	Chiu, M., Austin, P., Manuel, D., and Tu, J.	2012
Download The role of ethnicity in predicting diabetes risk at the population levelThe role of ethnicity in predicting diabetes risk at the population level	Diabetes Rosella	Rosella, L., Mustard, C., Stukel, T., et al.	2012
Download Birth weight curves tailored to maternal world regionBirth weight curves tailored to maternal world region	Country of Origin Immigration Status Low birth weight	Ray, J., Sgro, M., Mamdani, M. et al.	2012
Download A population-level analysis of birth weight indices in Peel Region, Ontario: The impact of ethnic diversityA population-level analysis of birth weight indices in Peel Region, Ontario: The impact of ethnic diversity	Immigration Status Low birth weight	Ramuscak, N., Jiang, D., Dooling, K., Mowat, D	2012
Download Seven more years: The impact of smoking, alcohol, diet, physical activity and stress on health and life expectancy in OntarioSeven more years: The impact of smoking, alcohol, diet, physical activity and stress on health and life expectancy in Ontario	Income and SES Life expectancy	Manuel, D.G., Perez, R., Bennett, C. et al.	2012
Download Income disparities in life expectancy in the City of Toronto and Region of Peel, OntarioIncome disparities in life expectancy in the City of Toronto and Region of Peel, Ontario	Gender Immigration Income and SES Life expectancy	Stratton, J., Mowat, D.L., Wilkins, R., & Tjepkema, M.	2012
Download Regional measures of diabetes burden in OntarioRegional measures of diabetes burden in Ontario	Diabetes Geography	Booth, G., Polsky, J., Gozdyra, P. et al.	2012
Download Hospital costs and length of stay among homeless patients admitted to medical, surgical, and psychiatric servicesHospital costs and length of stay among homeless patients admitted to medical, surgical, and psychiatric services	Homelessness Length of Hospital Stay	Hwang, S.W., Weaver, J., Aubry, T., & Hoch, J.S.	2011
Download Maintaining the Gains, Moving the Yardstick: Ontario Health Status Report, 2011Maintaining the Gains, Moving the Yardstick: Ontario Health Status Report, 2011	Income and SES Low birth weight	Chief Medical Officer of Health	2011
Download Rural-urban differences in emergency department wait timesRural-urban differences in emergency department wait times	Geography Length of Hospital Stay	Hutten-Czapski, P.	2010
Download Incidence and profile of inpatient stroke-induced aphasia in Ontario, CanadaIncidence and profile of inpatient stroke-induced aphasia in Ontario, Canada	Gender Length of Hospital Stay	Dickey, L., Kagan, A., Lindsay, M.P. et al.	2010
Download Universal drug coverage and socioeconomic disparities in major diabetes outcomesUniversal drug coverage and socioeconomic disparities in major diabetes outcomes	Age Diabetes Gender	Booth, G., Bishara, P., Lipscombe, L. et al.	2010
Download A comparison of physical activity environments between South Asians and White Caucasians with coronary heart diseaseA comparison of physical activity environments between South Asians and White Caucasians with coronary heart disease	Diabetes Racialization	Khan, S., Grace, S., Oh, P., et al.	2010
Download The geography of diabetes in London, Canada: The need for local level policy for prevention and managementThe geography of diabetes in London, Canada: The need for local level policy for prevention and management	Diabetes Income and SES	Tompkins, J., Luginaah, I., Booth, G., and Harris, S.	2010
Download Income-related differences in mortality among people with diabetes mellitusIncome-related differences in mortality among people with diabetes mellitus	Diabetes Income and SES	Lipscombe, L., Austin, P., Manuel, D. et al.	2010
Download Perceived financial status, health, and maladjustment in adolescencePerceived financial status, health, and maladjustment in adolescence	Income and SES Self-reported health	Hamilton, H., Noh, S., and Adlaf, E	2009
Download Gender role, life satisfaction, and wellness: Androgyny in a Southwestern Ontario sampleGender role, life satisfaction, and wellness: Androgyny in a Southwestern Ontario sample	Gender Self-reported health	Gale-Ross, R., Baird, A. and Towson, S.	2009
Download Neighborhood income and health outcomes in infants: How do those with complex chronic conditions fare?Neighborhood income and health outcomes in infants: How do those with complex chronic conditions fare?	Income and SES Infant mortality	Wang, C., Guttman, A., To, T., and Dick, P.	2009
Download Health in Hamilton neighbourhoods: Exploring the determinants of health at the local levelHealth in Hamilton neighbourhoods: Exploring the determinants of health at the local level	Age Gender Income and SES Self-reported health	Wilson, K., Eyles, J., Elliott, S., and Keller-Olaman, S.	2009
Download Power Study: Chapter 3 Burden of IllnessPower Study: Chapter 3 Burden of Illness	Gender Income Language Life expectancy Racialization Self-reported health	Bierman, A.S.; Ahmad, F.; Angus, J. et al.	2009
Download Understanding Health Inequities and Access to Primary Health Care in Southeastern OntarioUnderstanding Health Inequities and Access to Primary Health Care in Southeastern Ontario	Income Length of Hospital Stay	Belleville Quinte West Community Health Centre & Southeast LIHN	2008
Download Perceptions of health and health service utilization among homeless and housed psychiatric consumer/survivorsPerceptions of health and health service utilization among homeless and housed psychiatric consumer/survivors	Homelessness Self-reported health	Forchuk, C., Brown, S., Schofield, R., and Jensen, E	2008
Download Urban women’s socioeconomic status, health service needs and utilization in the four weeks after postpartum hospital discharge: Findings of a Canadian cross-sectional surveyUrban women’s socioeconomic status, health service needs and utilization in the four weeks after postpartum hospital discharge: Findings of a Canadian cross-sectional survey	Income and SES Self-reported health	Kurtz Landy, C., Sword, W., Ciliska, D.	2008
Download A Framework for Creating Health Equity In the Toronto Central LHINA Framework for Creating Health Equity In the Toronto Central LHIN	Income and SES Length of Hospital Stay	Hospital for Sick Children	2008
Download Urban women’s socioeconomic status, health service needs and utilization in the four weeks after postpartum hospital discharge: Findings of a Canadian cross-sectional surveyUrban women’s socioeconomic status, health service needs and utilization in the four weeks after postpartum hospital discharge: Findings of a Canadian cross-sectional survey	Income and SES Length of Hospital Stay	Kurtz Landy, C., Sword, W., Ciliska, D.	2008
Download The Unequal City: Income and health inequities in Toronto 2008The Unequal City: Income and health inequities in Toronto 2008	Income and SES Self-reported health	Toronto Public Health	2008
Download Birth outcomes by neighbourhood income and recent immigration in TorontoBirth outcomes by neighbourhood income and recent immigration in Toronto	Immigration Status Income and SES Low birth weight	Urquia, M., Frank, J., Glazier, R. and Moineddin, R.	2007
Download Path analysis of income, coping and health at the local level in a Canadian contextPath analysis of income, coping and health at the local level in a Canadian context	Income and SES Self-reported health	Poetz, A., Eyles, J., Elliott, S. et al.	2007
Download Sex- and age-based differences in the delivery and outcomes of critical careSex- and age-based differences in the delivery and outcomes of critical care	Gender Length of Hospital Stay	Fowler, R.A., Sabur, N., Li, P. et al.	2007
Download Age disparities in stroke quality of care and delivery of health servicesAge disparities in stroke quality of care and delivery of health services	Age Length of Hospital Stay	Saposnik, G., Black, S.E., Hakim, A. et al.	2007
Download Relationship Between Social Inequalities and Ambulatory Care-Sensitive Hospitalizations Persists for up to 9 Years among Children Born in a Major Canadian Urban CenterRelationship Between Social Inequalities and Ambulatory Care-Sensitive Hospitalizations Persists for up to 9 Years among Children Born in a Major Canadian Urban Center	ACSC Age Income and SES	Agha, M.M., Glazier, R.H., & Guttmann, A.	2007
Download Income inequality and health in Ontario: A multilevel analysisIncome inequality and health in Ontario: A multilevel analysis	Gender Income and SES Self-reported health	Xi, G., McDowell, L., Nair, R., and Spasoff, R	2006
Download Sex differences in hospital admissions from emergency departments in asthmatic adults: A population-based studySex differences in hospital admissions from emergency departments in asthmatic adults: A population-based study	ACSC Gender	Baibergenova, A., Thabane, L., Akhtar-Danesh, N. et al.	2006
Download Language and Length of Stay in the Pediatric Emergency DepartmentLanguage and Length of Stay in the Pediatric Emergency Department	Language Length of Hospital Stay	Goldman, R.D., Amin, P., & Macpherson, A.	2006

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