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Inequities in COVID-19 infection and related hospitalizations and deaths

rowd of ethno-culturally diverse people

Throughout the pandemic, researchers working in various regions have shown that COVID-19 infection rates are disproportionately higher for racialized and low-income persons. In July, and November of 2020, data from Toronto Public Health showed that approximately 80 per cent of new COVID-19 cases in Toronto were among racialized persons, even though they make up only 52 per cent of the population of the City of Toronto. A similar investigation from Peel Public Health in March 2021 revealed that 83 per cent of new COVID-19 cases in Brampton, Caledon, and Mississauga were racialized persons, although they make up only 59 per cent of the population in these areas.

Evidence that considers the whole province of Ontario also showed an association between neighbourhood ethno-cultural diversity and COVID-19 infection rates, and COVID-19 related deaths, in May of 2020. Work at the area level has also suggested moderate improvements in terms of population inequities in access to vaccines. It is unclear whether changes in access to vaccination have translated into changes in COVID-19 infection rates, and rates of hospitalizations/deaths from COVID-19.

Data on cumulative rates of infections and hospitalizations/deaths for FSAs were accessed from Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (ICES) for March 27, May 8, and June 20, 2021. These data were linked to 2016 census characteristics for FSAs. Correlations between neighbourhood characteristics and COVID-19 outcomes were computed. The results here show that over the course of over two months neighbourhood inequities by race worsened in the case of hospitalizations/deaths.

Inequities over time in COVID19 infection and related hospitalizations and deathsDownload

Nahomi Amberber

James Iveniuk

James Iveniuk

Dr. James Iveniuk, PhD, studies social networks, cognition and health over the life course. He is a former full-time researcher at Wellesley Institute.

Kwame McKenzie

Kwame McKenzie

Dr. Kwame McKenzie is CEO of Wellesley Institute, which works in research and policy to improve health and health equity in the Greater Toronto Area. A practicing psychiatrist, he also holds positions as a full Professor at the University of Toronto and as the Director of Health Equity at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH). As an international expert on the social causes of illness and the development of equitable social policy and health systems, Dr. McKenzie has advised health, housing, education and social services ministers in Canada and the U.K. and has authored more than 280 peer reviewed papers and six books. He is a member of the National Advisory Council on Poverty, and recently co-chaired Canada’s Expert Task Force on Substance Use. He has also worked as a consultant to the World Health Organization. Dr. McKenzie has been a columnist for The Guardian and The Times and a presenter for BBC Radio, and he is regularly published in the Toronto Star.