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When mental health conditions and physical disabilities co-occur: Examining service needs

Full length portrait of happy adult couple with partner in wheelchair enjoying walk outdoors in city park

Background

People living with co‑occurring physical disabilities and mental health conditions are an increasingly common yet underexamined population within community mental health systems. Limited evidence exists on how service needs differ for this group compared to people with mental health conditions alone, particularly in community‑based settings. This report brings together CMHA Toronto’s expertise in community mental health research and service delivery with Wellesley Institute’s research and policy work on thriving with a disability to address the gap in evidence.

The analysis draws on data from the Ontario Common Assessment of Need (OCAN), a standardized needs assessment tool used widely across Ontario’s community mental health sector, alongside advisory consultations with service users and a frontline provider to contextualize findings and inform interpretation. 

Key findings 

Compared to community mental health service users with mental health conditions only, those with co‑occurring physical disabilities had significantly higher overall and unmet needs related to:

  • physical health
  • self‑care
  • looking after the home
  • transportation
  • psychological distress
  • social connection

Implications and directions forward

“The findings highlight the need to move beyond a narrow focus on mental health symptoms toward addressing the broader social, economic and service conditions required for people with disabilities to thrive and live healthy, engaged lives.”

Key areas for action include: 

  • Strengthening access to transportation supports
  • Expanding access to personal and household care supports
  • Enhancing capacity within community mental health services
  • Addressing financial barriers

Co-occurring physical disabilities and mental health conditionsDownload the research report
Yu-Ling Yin

Yu-Ling Yin

Yu-Ling (Yuri) Yin is a researcher at Wellesley Institute and holds a Master’s degree in social work from the University of Toronto, specializing in mental health and health, with a focus on immigrants and people living with disabilities. Prior to starting at Wellesley Institute, he was a social worker with over seven years of experience supporting people living with developmental disabilities in Taiwan.

Irma Molina

Irma Molina

Dr. Irma Molina is a Peer Program Evaluation Lead with CMHA Toronto, bringing over a decade of experience in qualitative research and evaluation across diverse projects and institutions. Her work is grounded in participatory methodologies and ethical frameworks that center the agency and self-determination of vulnerable populations.

Kamalpreet Rakhra

Kamalpreet Rakhra

Dr. Kamalpreet Rakhra is an epidemiologist at CMHA Toronto with a PhD in Epidemiology and an MD in Community Medicine. She specializes in advanced statistical analysis and large health data, with expertise in study design, surveillance, and public health research focused on improving population health outcomes and equity.

Frank Sirotich

Frank Sirotich

Dr. Frank Sirotich is Chief Research Officer at CMHA Toronto and an Assistant Professor (Status Only) at the Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work at the University of Toronto. He has over 25 years of experience working within the community mental health sector in clinical, research and senior leadership roles.

Christine Sheppard

Christine Sheppard

Dr. Christine L. Sheppard holds a Master’s in Social Work, specializing in gerontology, from the University of Toronto, and a PhD in Health Studies and Gerontology, with a focus on aging, health and well-being, also from the University of Toronto. Prior to starting at Wellesley Institute, she was a CIHR-funded post-doctoral fellow at Sunnybrook Research Institute, specializing in knowledge translation in urban housing and health.